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El Dorado (1921 film)
''El Dorado'' is a French silent film directed in 1921 by Marcel L'Herbier. The film was notable for integrating a number of technical innovations into its narrative of a "cinematic melodrama". It achieved considerable success on its release, as a ground-breaking film that was distinctively French at a time when the cinema was felt to be dominated by American productions.
==Background==
In his previous five films Marcel L'Herbier had explored a variety of photographic and narrative techniques in the fast-developing medium of film, and in 1921 he wanted to draw them together in the context of a story which would have a broad appeal for the public.〔Richard Abel, ''French cinema: the first wave 1915-1929''. (Princeton U.P, 1984) p.306〕 He was also eager to film in the landscapes of Spain which had long been an inspiration for him, especially as filtered through the writings of Maurice Barrès.
He submitted an original scenario for a melodrama called ''El Dorado'', set in Andalusia, to his producer Léon Gaumont, and rather to his surprise it was immediately accepted. L'Herbier was adamant that the film should carry the subtitle "mélodrame", both to indicate the popular origins of its story, but also to point to its more traditional sense of the combination of drama and music. He was less candid about his intentions for incorporating imaginative and unconventional visual effects into his familiar subject-matter.〔Marcel L'Herbier, ''La Tête qui tourne''. (Paris: Belfond, 1979). p.56.〕
An initial budget of 92,000 francs was allocated, but in the end the film cost nearly 400,000 francs.〔Dimitri Vezyroglou, "De Gaumont à Cinégraphic (1919-1929): le trajectoire asymptotique de Marcel L'Herbier, auteur-producteur", in: ''Marcel L'Herbier: l'art du cinéma''; ed. Laurent Véray. (Paris: Association française de recherche sur l'histoire du cinéma, 2007). p.68.〕
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